THE COPYRIGHT OF THIS RECORDING IS VESTED IN THE ACTT PROJECT. PETER PROUD INTERVIEWED BY SID COLE ON 18TH NOVEMBER 1987.
SIDE ONE
Peter Proud:
Sid Cole
My family were very much a Northumbrian family. I wonder sometimes if we hadanything to do with Proudholme (spelling?)because Proud is often pronounced 'Prood' up there. We had a watermill on the Tyne and my Grandfather broke away from this
long tradition of millers and became a sea captain. He died on his ownvessel. Before he went went on his own he was a Commodore of the White Flagline out from Newcastle.
My father broke away in his turn from his father and became a FineArt Dealer and while he was offered prestigeous jobs as Manager ofthe ?Fed? for example down here which would have altered his life andours considerably, he had to be the big fish in the small pool and hewent to Glasgow and opened his own gallery in Gordon Street which is ina prominent part of Glasgow.
Of course the next thing that happened there is the Great War. I wasborn in 1913 and I was born to comfort in a big, big flat with baywindows and all the rest of it. Then that was given over and we moved toa lesser establishment which was
prestigeous because it had two columns by the front door, but it was tenemental, you know the expression 'a close' in Scotland, well therewas a close leading up draughtily to the flats above. There were myfriends, which were very dear to me and numerous. I had a gang called theWallies.
That could be very topical today.
It was a wonderful childhood. My mother and father
split up and she ran away with me and I wanted to get back to the capital S forStreet where my gang was because
I ran with the little ones as boss in the daytime and they were all put tobed, and I was able to stay on with the older boys and culled from themtechniques for retaining my chieftainship of the younger boys in thedaytime, so I was am/pm a gangster. We ended up in Juvenile Court.
What were you accused of?
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Well, it was very tragic. It was no disaster, but we all carried air guns fixed to special holsters on our bikes and there was a fellow called Scanlon who used to stand upside down on the apex of the pediment of the church opposite. He wasan amazing character.
Another one was called ?Griefenvalt? who was a climber. His father was seven foottall and he also used to stand upside down on the apex of the church opposite. Itried, but I found it too frightening.
So what happened with the air guns?
The next thing on the apex were the pigeons. We used to line up in the areawith our air guns, and poop off at these pigeons as they came up against thesky. And then we started on the shrimp pots on the window sills, and a pellet went through and landed on the baby's cot, and so they closed in on usand we were all swept off - Black Marias at each end of the street. I got themost enormous thrashing, not because of the pellets, but because of myassociation with these rough lads, you see.
Who gave you the thrashing?
My father. He was called there you see.
What sort of age were you then Peter. Were you at school?
About nine I guess. But, it really enhanced our lives or enhanced our prestige.When my father died I came down to mother here in London.
What sort of age would that be? I was about thirteen.
What had you been doing about schooling meantime?
I had a good scansion for schooling because I was going to a Council schoolunder my father. It was a High School, but it was £1 a term. It was a good school.
That was in Glasgow. It was a rough sort of place Then I came down here becausemy grandfather on my mother's side. Now he was a Priest so I am decended from aPriest and a Sea Captain I should be a Bible thumper, but I am not.
What sort of Priest?
He was Church of England, Radical, and he would fail
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to turn up at the little tiny Church at Clevedon in Yorkshire, but his sermon would appear in Times mass audience I agree, but in a way.
I had this period in Glasgow, very seldom seeing my mother when she cameup. Dress collections. She was a dress designer and she would undertake to take these collections around the country.
Did this turn you towards the entertainment business at all?
There is a connection. First of all I have always been a Draughtsman.I havenever been taught by anybody.
Were you taught at school?
I was always automatically top and my drawings were always on the walls. Whenmother and father had their ultimate fight and mother took me off. It was aperiod story because I remember we went in a cab and there were cobbles. Myfather's Jaegar dressing gown. I remember the cord
with piping. He always wore his shooting cap and Persian slippers with curlup fronts.
What age were you then?
I was six when we took off. I grew up that night. Because I said "you must go".She climbed up to bed beside me in the middle of this awful fracas. Crazy myfather,really he was. He died of drink.
I think it was because at the end of the war his business vanished and hisfine tasteful gallery became a converted pub with second hand furniture
and pewter mugs and things. I used to open it when he didn't feel like it. Hewas like Micawber. He would say "go and get me a bottle of whiskey a small one just about that size" I said "Yes Daddy" and he would say "Well you had betteropen the Gallery" and I would be delighted as I loved selling things. That's possibly the connection of getting myself into films. But that was how it went onfor years and everybody, my brother, alas he has been 17 years an Air Commodore.He left school at 14 and hopped it to London and my sister went to Swan & Edgarsand eventually the dog went and that left me and father alone and we moved into aback basement room and
I was given 1/ld for my lunch at "Colhognees" as I called it, Colquhoun's,and that went on until he became quite ill. It was agreet that I should comedown to mother to go to school, to a boarding school. I went to QueenElizabeth Grammar School
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because of my grandfather, mother's father.
I stayed there for a few terms and then father died.
Where was that college.
At Wimborne in Dorset. That was a wonderful change of environment. It was veryDickensian. We were almost starved of food. Like Dotheboy's Hall.
But the day boys were farmer's sons. I never met anybody like that before. Theyused to bring me presents - cucumbers and things. There was a wonderful warmcountry feeling about it I have never met before.
When father died I had £400 and I chose to go to Dulwich. I thought it would begood for business to be a public school boy. I had learned what that meantalready, you know.
What age were you then when you went to Dulwich?
Fourteen, yes a little bit late fourteen and I thought I would go on toOxford, or Liverpool I learned was good for Architecture.
At this time you were interested in Architecture and Drawing etc.
Yes
Had you had any special training?
No I never had any training really at all. What happened was quite amusing.I was put into modern shell which was where people returning from Empireoutposts who had got the wrong syllabus, and they hadn't started Latin and
I certainly hadn't started Latin. I was way ahead on the three Rs, like allScots boys.
I was very Scottish. I had a broad accent then. I thought it out and I wentto the Master of Dulwich as he was called and I said I want
to go to be an Architect and I ought to switch to Engineering. So he said"you do what you like
my boy" so I went to Engineering and I learned the disvantage of bullshitting. Isaw an ancient mathemetician, you know, an egghead who handled only a certainportion of the sixth term. I
said "I am going to be an Architect and I thought I ought to learn more Engineering and Mathematics so could I come to your side of the School
He said "yes" and he questioned me and he said "I'll teach youcalculus." So I really let
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myself in for it. I saw the Head of Engineering who had somewhat lost touchwith small boys
So with my bullshitting about wanting to join in and selling myself quiteunnecessarily I got stuck with going to private lessons with him which Ididn't understand at all. It was quite a number of years since he had taughtsuch a low level of mathematics and so I got my Housemaster to get me out ofit by telling him I must attend to my Rugby football and got
me out of attending this old German mathematician.
What else did you do while you were there?
What happened pertinent to "Blackmail" and the beginning of sound was Ihadn't taken into account the brilliant standard of Dulwich CollegeEngineering students who were making two stroke engines and suchlike, and Ididn't know, and I still don't know how to join two bits of wood together verydecently and here was this superb work going on so I wandered around feeling areal Charlie. And then it came to the Great Lake, which I thought was interesting, a tin lake about the size of
this room, and it was a ripple tank and it was part of the gear forstudying sound waves.
I found that this was for me and I even swatted up about sound waves, the rulesof light and one or two things like that. Part of the itinarary was that youhad to focus on some particular machine, a sort of tripos gimmick.
I fastened on, which was going to effect my entire life thereafter on athing, I don't remember its name, but we will call it
"the strogoscope" and looking through it you could digest a vibratingimage until it was in phase with your appartus and measure the amount ofthe vibration. So this was of immense value to sound engineers in films because the breech when opened left the axles of the film supported only on one side and anyone with a thick finger could so minutely bend the axlewhich would cause what was technically known as a "wow"
so when I went down to see them I brought this up.
Went down to see who? B.I.P.
What made you go to B.I.P.
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Well what made me go to B.I.P. is quite funny. Mother was adressmaker, a designer and cutter and all that and one beautifulgirl who had a Horse Guards red sofa and armchairs and all that
in a mews opposite Harrods and she was
an absolute dream to my randy little eyes.
She was awfully nice too. She knew she
was attractive. She used to buy me chocolate eclairs and things like that.
What age were you?
I was fifteen. She was the mistress of a tall ex-army type.Everything was inappropriate at this stage. He was inappropriatelyrunning a restaurant
in Leicester Square and inappropriately he was Head of Sound atB.I.P.
What was his name?
I can't remember. He had a partner who was a universal joke. Heappeared in silhouette on a piece of tracing paper presumably with along cigarette holder going down or was it up in a lift and hiswife became universal like Eamonn Andrews. "This is Arnold Jeffries speaking". He was co-head and another person was a crook who cameout of the BBC and he was one who did know about sound. His name wasAtkins and Atkins had created a central recording room whichdestroyed my interest in sound.
I wanted to be on the stage sitting eagerly like you controllingsomething at least and there I was like a bloody telephone girl withheadphones on saying "Overshot, overshot". The reason for this wasthat we started to make a central monitoring room and the reason forit was criminal you know. He had
a company which was supplying B.I.P who, like all of us, was blind towhat
sound was. Sound Engineers and Mixers all had inflated egos. They hadeverybody
by the short and curlies.
This would be around '29? '29, yes.
This was experimental at that time then?
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No, no. "Blackmail" had been shot.
I went down and saw them and of course. I suppose they thought I waseducated. I said I was about 18 I think, probably more, I don'tknow. I was just going into the sixth form so on other matters Iwas quite well educated. I was paying for my own fees,you see, and Iworked like hell. Anyway, now I was in and they thought I wasterrific and they gave me £3 a week which I lived on you know. Mymother was in St. George's Hospital with colitis.
What was your official designation?
Assistant Recordist on the Sound Camera. Another thing here thatwould be of interest to ACTT was that the young man at the head ofthe Central Recording Room was Roy Goddard who is still with us,looking rather distressed in Pinewood bar a few weeks ago. Next day I heard that Pinewood was done for. Anyway, I went into Sound.Roy must have been about 20. He can't be more than five years olderthan me, I think.
I was 15 and he must have been about 20. I was stuck in the Central Recording Room and I wasn't very good at it either.
A Tapir, an Ant Eater called John Appleby-Thorpe came storming inbecause there was some hold up and of course it was my camera that wasdoing the holding up. You see I was connected from a board to all fouror five productions. I don't know how they sorted it out, but on this positive film you nick it and mark it whatever film it was. You knowI had never been very close to the film itself.
What went wrong.
There was a hold up because they had been asking me to roll 'em and they were getting no response and at that moment it was most unfortunate, you'd think I am a gag writer but it's true, as JohnAppleby called out "What's going on in there?" the breech opened and asort of missile shot out of my camera and hit him.
So what happened? Were you fired?
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First of all I was reduced to what I should have been which was asort of loading boy. There was an Indian boy. We did all the loadingin the Dark Room...Five films or so and the Indian boy, we called him'the Agfa Khan'. Among other things was Joe Grossman who wascontinually telling me
to get my cards. I didn't even know what it meant. I simply didn't. Ididn't have any cards. He said "Go and get your cards, you mustn'tsmoke here". Then I went one Saturday afternoon, quite weary and there was nobody in the red positive room so I put it in the other room and Ididn't know that it was explosive when they opened it up in the dark.They told me to go, and go I went
While you were with B.I.P., were you living with your mother?
For a while I was living with, for 28/6 a woman who was the mother ofJoan Bates to be and she used to run part of the way to Shenley with mein the morning and she was 14.
I left then and for a long time I lived in a bell tent on the lock,because I
started drinking beer I suppose. That's a point I wanted to mention.First of all I must explain I had been working for nothing for the ArtDept, Dressing.
Coinciding with your work in Sound?
Yes. Working late at night. One of the reasons was John Meade whowanted me sexually and I didn't understand or realise that.
He was the Chief Designer then, wasn't he?
Yes, he was one of them. He put his arms around my hips, but he neverbothered me any more beyond that, I must say in his favour, but he wasquite a queen. He used to use Max Factor No. 24. It was the
wrong colour for him and made him look like an Indian. It was always onthe towels, this brown colour. You see it was this provincial townnepotism. It was all these people from Birmingham. There was another onefrom Glasgow. The Rank of the day was John
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Maxwell and Maxwell had installed somebody whom he thought was a jollygood ......... as Supervising Art Director, Clarence Elder, so I wentto see Elder and recovered my Glasgow accent at once and said "Well, Mr Elder, I have been working in the Sound
Dept. Well I don't like it there very much. He said, "You mean you havebeen given the sack, don't you". He said "Well don't tell me lies. Hesaid "What's your name." I said "Proud". He said "Are you any relation to
R.H. Proud in Gordon St. Glasgow." I said, "Yes I am his younger son",almost coming to attention. He said "You're on, you can come in Monday"
You went on salary?
Oh yes I continued on my £3 and my dismissal was converted to a transfer.But I was very hard worked there and I am not joking when I say thateverybody there was an Art Director except me and everybody thought
I was their personal assistant as I was the only one available.There were no Draughtsmen or anything like that.
Who was there, can you mention anyone? Oh yes there was aGlaswegian called
Duncan Sutherland and there was a Thompson I can barely remember,there was John Meade and a little bit of history was that there were twoArmour brothers who headed this Dept for a long time and they used
to go down to the Pond at Elstree proper and play bowls and of courselike ourselves later were doing all sorts of funny hours different tothe unit, as the Art Department always do. I mean frequently theychange
over at night. You don't stand over workmen. You go away and leave them.And anyway here they were playing bowls and Tam Selder(?) had arrivedfrom Glasgow, part of the Glasgow invasion as they say, and there was ahold up. "Where are the Armour brothers?" and Clarence ................(?) and he said "The Armour brothers have gone to the pub,
The Lake at Elstree, where they are every day for hours on end." And sothey were cleared out. In my opinion he was efficient far beyond hisability you know. Therefore they had a little difference and they were getting young men in who could draw, who
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could do the work, and he put his name on everything. Well after I had beenthere, my great and beloved friend, David Rawnsley arrived having flunked
it with the A.A., Architectural Services. He was a brilliant young man.I remember him being tested in drawing by an elder and David got it Webecame friends and I often assisted him. Now we are running into '31 andthe slump is looming
Before we do that, could you mention any of the pictures youparticularly worked on, or, you know, contributed to?
Yes.. "Robson's Choice" with I think it was Edmund Gwenn.
You mentioned "Blackmail" a little earlier.
I claim a first in sound. Gladys Bower was the first person toreckon that I might be useful and she got me out on the floor that is as a Boom Swinger and I did a big recording, at leastDallas did it and we had the mike and we had the mike for the woodwinds and a mike for the strings etc. and he told me a littlebit about it. I am
being modest when I say I don't know anything but I did at thattime know a bit.
At that time the music had to be recorded at the same time asthe actual didn't it?
Yes. Oh I had such a happy time and a short time with Sound Effectsworking with
A. Dupont a famous German director on Cape Forlorn Lighthouse Pictures. What else did I do. Oh yes, on the typical Hitchcock picture which was subsequent to "Blackmail" We tried to make asound film out of "Blackmail". Quite prestigeous to be
in sound in that year, even if you didn't know what you were talkingabout.
What was the next Hitchcock film you were on?
"Murder" or "Enter Sir John" but it was changed to "Murder". One of thethings they did for Murder was that Herbert Marshall. He had been on "Jury"and the framework of it was that he had gone along with theother eleven just men
and committed, I think it was Annie Andra (sp) to be hanged and Hitchthen wanted to start - Herbert Marshall's concience workin and his voice was a voice, you know, so typical of Hitchcock.
JO
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and everybody else was photographing plays, with a microphone, you knowand Hitch was into it now and here is an example we were talking about.If you are shaving, you close your lips don't you? So if you hear thesound of scraping
{sound: scrrrrrrr) and the voice you know that's his conscience. Sowe had a playback and I claim that as the first playback recording. Imay be wrong, but I was holding the mike, a little bamboo thing, andhe was scraping away and his wife says "You know that girl didn't killhim at all. I shouldn't have written that".
That was pre-recorded?
Yes and then played back and we were recording the scrape on theother and the band of course. And then in spite of this sort ofintriguing work, I was still more interested in scenery.
I switched. What did we do? I can't remember. "Symphony in two flats"Endless films. I have no recollection of their name or content, by a man called Bentley. He must have been awfully underpaid because he usedto have tea with us.
He was a rather good Director I remember
He wore a yachting cap I remember.
Harry Blackman came from Hollywood with his Chinese wife and ofcourse Hitch made "39 Steps"
That was at Lime Grove?
Yes. And "The House Opposite" That was Hitch wasn't it"?
s.c. No, no that wasn't Hitch. Strange".
He did "Rich &
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Ah now "Rich and Strange" was quite interesting.
I ran that for the students the other day
and described the 360 degree pan. We ran the film and it wasn't the360 degrees, it had been cut up which embarassed me a little bit, but that was a great thing for me and we looked forward with greatexcitement, for Hitch was going to take us all over the world. In Australia an uncle had given this raving
queen, Harry Kendall his inheritance so that he could see what he didwith it. He was married to an unlikely looking woman, and off theywent all over the world, you see, that
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was the story.
What was the actresses name?
I can't remember, she was a Pola Negri look-alike which wasquite unsuitable for a suburban girl.
Hitch got into disfavour. He brought one of the Armours back,Wilfred as Art Director. Wilfred claimed me and
Hitch was strong and he got me. and then he got ill too. Then Hitchgot into trouble with B.I.P. which was a very easy thing to do withStapleton. Have you heard of Stapleton?
Yes, I was there by then I think.
What about Mycroft who was Head of Production. I remember doing amural of a bar called "The Black Cat" and the only black cat Icould do was
a backside and I was up there at about half past ten at night and Iwas just doing the arsehole of this huge cat and a voice said"No". I looked down. I was about 18 feet up, and it was Mycroftand he said "Well" I said "Who are you?"
He didn't mind you not knowing? No he didn't seem to.
So, how long did you stay at B.I.P?
It must have been about three years.
Not as much as that, really when you think about it, '29, '30, '31.When was the
slump, '32?
Yes.
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To my horror I it this time. movies without they kept John
was laid off. And they meant I thought, "they can't make me. But theykept David and and Duncan
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So, what did you do?
I went on the dole. A juvenile thing at Fulham. The other boys wereliving at a Community Centre and played football
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all day, you know. We got 18/6 per week. The chap behind the counter said "You want to to work don't you? I said "yes".
He said "Why don't you try this silk stocking thing, you could dovery well.
Where were you living at this time?
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I had a flat dormer flat. the Catholic Road.
in ..........'s Row. A
.......'s Row is opposite Church there in Brampton
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Brampton Oratory.
So I was getting 18/6 and the flat was 17/-, so I had rather a problemand mother was rather poor at the time. In fact she was always ratherpoor.
Where was she living?
Near Harrods down the road there. I see.
Of course I could always go and have a meal with her, but I nevertouched her really.
What was the silk stocking thing that this chap wanted you to do?
I started with Solitaire and I did really rather well. You see you startoff without a penny in your pocket. You sell a box
of three, and the deposit was 3/- and you eat. That was yourcommission. The rest was done by post you see. They were frightfullyexpensive. They were 4/11
I moved on from there and I was asked for by ..........Hosiery Millswho funnily enough were down at Elstree, the actual mill. Things wentawfully well. I sold
40 pairs in a morning, so that was £2.
To what do you tribute your success Peter. Was it that you werevery young and goodlooking?
Really that I was a born criminal I think. I had a grey pin stripe whichwas just about right and DI borrowed somebody's
co-respondent shoes and I put my Rugger
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colours on my straw hat from Dulwich with a black band on it and Iheld my
wallet and I held my wallet under my left elbow and I stood up close tothe front door, very close. When the maid opened the door, she took afright. But I would undo the fright by stepping right back and takingoff my straw hat and putting
it across her face and saying "good morning" and blocking her rightout with the hat.
I rehearsed it and I would say "Is Mrs.... in?" And she would say, "no,Mrs......
is upstairs sir, who shall I say." Then I would go through this thingthat I had been taught, and to get rid of me because they wereso......for various reasons I would get the money. One time I wentup to a house that didn't quite conform to my
technique. It had a portico with two columns standing proud of thebuilding, with a circular formation of steps and as I approached it a footman came out, so I went round the side
and as I approached it I did my thing with
the straw hat. I said...! upgraded everything because of these twocolumns. I said "Is Lady......... in?" He got hold of the column andswung round like this and put his face close to mine and said "Lady 'oo?"And I
said "No ........." He said "what the xxxxx are you talking about". So Isaid "this is my way of getting into buildings and selling stockings". Itold him all about it and he seemed to relax and enjoy it. He siad "Do you know where you are?" He said "This is the Wallace Collection". Iwas in Manchester Square.
It is fascinating about the silk stockings but you say that you thenwent down to the silk manufacturing firm at...?
Yes well I went down for a salesman's jamboree. We were introduced toall these little girls who made the silk stockings and I handed over myaward winning group of order forms to Gordon Reid who is the husband ofBeryl Reid who has a page in the Telegraph to this day, 20 years later.And this American said "You people may find this sales system that we have difficult, but there are many who have got over that difficulty. Forexample, there is
a boy here this morning who has sold 40 pairs of our stockings, how'sthat?". There was dancing and a little bit more than that.
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And I felt the suck of the change of environment you know. There wasa man called Carswell who was a Sea Captain. An ancient chap of 26.He had hand knitted socks on with shiny black shoes. His ship wasrusting on the Mersey and he went from there and I felt myself beingdrawn into
it. You know, the dangers, and somebody said "Why don't you take ajob" to people now a days and I understand that. You can so easilyget drawn into something to which you are not suited. However luckcame my way and I kept trying.
How did you keep trying. Did you chase other jobs?
I had chased Alfred Yunner.
How did you get to know about Yunner?
It was he who did the E.H. Dupont thing, " "Cape Forlorn" and Ihelped him. Perhaps it was my dressing, I was always a natural at that. I found it was a sort of literary job, to make alittle space live. I like it to this day, very much. AnywayI went
along to......I must tell you something quite awful. David wasall for me.
David Rawnsley?
That's right. And John was still at the Beeb and they persuadedClarence to have me back. Sorry that's out of order, they worked on Clarence to have me back but he wouldn't.
He had been told to keep the staff down. Then a terriblething happened. I was selling these stockings and beginningto get bored with it, and L.P. Williams was next door as ArtDirector with Wilcox.
Rawnsley suggest that I should join them as Art Directorand I saw L.P. Williams and he engaged me. I threw my silk wallet down in front of Gordon Reid.
I went and sat in the most perfect state of happiness by theRound Pond.
In Kensington Gardens?
Yes. I went down on the Monday and Clarence Elder had been told. What did he do? He got hold of Herbert Wilcox
and sold him Arnold who was an embarrassment to him. So whenI got to L.P. Williams
IS
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expecting to start a film, you know, I was very excited.He said "Peter, they have engaged Arnold." So I tried again with Alfred Yunner.
What do you mean, again?
I had tried once before at Lime Grove. And then Igot·offered...! think Clarence Elder had a fit of conscience,probably the rest of the Art Department wouldn't speak to himor something, but he gave me a job back with....oh I am so badat names Who was the poet? ..."Yves New Year"
and it was a fantasy picture with singing statues and so on and they brought a person in to do it and I was to help him. And
I had to do it myself, more or less. And then I went to Lime Grove to do"Good
Companions" and after that life was quite different fromthen on. But let me just remember this poet. Everyone wasamazed. They said they had no idea he was ever in films.
What sort of age was he?
He was tall. I suppose he was 35.
And this would be what? About '35 or so? It wouldn't beLewis would it?
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C.S.Lewis. yes. That's right.
C.S. Lewis?
Yes. Cecil Day Lewis.
Is it
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Cecil Day Lewis. Thank you. He became quite famous andmarried Jill Balcon.
What did C.D. Lewis do?
He directed. And when the film was over he sent me all sortsof letters and things, but I had started with Alfred. I workedon
"Good Companions" "Die Fleidermaus" "Evergreen" I did quite alot on "Evergreen" and so did Michael Relph who joined me at 5/- aweek from school. I was still adding to my age, but we were moreor less the same age. I had the advantage of having to leave schoolmuch earlier and my relationship with Michael
Relph was long and extensive and close, but to begin with Iwas allowed to build
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myself an office next to Alfred's. So there I was, 19 or 20perhaps a bit more as this was 35. No '33 it was so I must havebeen 20.
So you had this office.
My daughter was married after I was at Lime Grove.
When did you get married?
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When I was 20.
I am 75 next birthday.
Fiona is 53.
woman.
She is a very successful
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So you were talking about Michael Relph.
Well his office was very well staffed with Frank Bush wholater went to Technicolor and Arthur Lawson who later got anOscar with Mickey Powell. Arthur was with Relph for yearsand years. Michael was
my associate really. For the moment he was a schoolboy and Isaid "Would you go and get me a cup of tea" and he said "Go andget your own xxxxxxx tea you conceited little idiot."
I said "Alright, do come and have one with me". So we became closefriends after that. So that was that. The man who dealt with myshoes,
a man called John Croydon. Phil Samuels was the manager, a bit more than the manager, and Croydon was this grey eminence behindhim.
What sort of money were you getting at this time?
Seven pounds a week. As a starteranyway?
And when I got married they raised it to £9 When I got £3 I usedto travel in the same carriage as Launder and Gilliatt and Val Valentine.
Down to Elstree?
Yes and Rolsey was 4 and I was 3. But Rolsey went by car because hehad a private income. Frank Launder was 3 and for some reason Sidney Gilliatt was 4. I had written scenarios and done
my proper job for Launder and Gilliatt subsequently and they weregood customers as it were.
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Sinclair Hill asked if I would like to come on his film. He already had afamous Art Director belonging to Pabst called Irwin(?) Metzner and he said"Well I thought you ought to come and help Metzner because it's a veryCockney/English film called "My Old Dutch" and I don't think Metzner was familiarwith the ambiance we expect on this film. Perhaps you could guide him". And Isaid "Well in what capacity? Art Director?" and he said "Well, no he will be the Art Director." I felt the lowest of the low when I got there because he putHensley and all the other Art Directors in the Gainsborough Art Department
into blowing up his film because he couldn't draw. You see you didn't haveto draw to be a designer. He was a very clever man, wonderful with camera tricks. He put me on to....the rest of the staff were doing blowups of hislousy drawings, and I was doing breakdowns - snuff box on mantelpiece andfactual lightswitch and all that. That's
the boy's job you know. I had been on my own at this stage while Yunner hadbeen building a house in Berlin and I had been alone with quite big picturesas senior member of the Art Dept. Everybody seems to have begun their married life in Belsize Park. I did. I had a little office
there with a 'T' square rather dusty and so on and..
You mean in your flat?
Yes then I went back and did the whole bloody film again right from scratch.If they were going to treat me like that. So then Sinclair Hill asked me tocome with Ernholt(?) to see
to see Mick Bolton to talk about the production.
So Ernholt had to take me as it was official
do you see? I had my roll of drawings and looked at them in the car ratherlike this as we approached Shepherd's Bush. We went in and without
any briefing from me or any rigging of the situation, his stuff was thrownout by Sinclair. They said
"You have something, Peter, to show us?" I said "yes", going slightly pink and Iopened the drawings. They said "Yes this is what we want"
You mean that you had re-designed, on your own the whole picture.
Yes. So he was brought to Lime Grove to work for Alfred in Alfred's Dept.,recognising for the first time, which they should have done long since that hewasn't AN Art Director, he was the Supervising Art Director so Ernholt (?) wasput in a
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subordinate position to Alfred at Lime Grove I was made boss atGainsborough.
You say you drove to Lime Grove? Were you working at Gainsborough at that time?
Yes at Islington. It was known as Siberia. Anyone who had sinned was sent toSiberia. And so I stayed there for a while,then this Crighton thing reappeared.He was a manager there and he seemed to dislike me very much and I couldn'tunderstand that. The next thing was that I was back to Lime
Grove and a man called Gerry Jackson on "Fireraisers" Mickey Powell wasdirecting it and he came snarling up to me. I said "if you stick your chin outto me Mr Jackson, I shall hit the bloody thing." He gave a great grin and it leddirectly to him talking to Mickey and it took me to Teddington. Mickey, as
you know did several films there, but the first one for me was "Sunday" which hadEsmond Knight, called Teddy Knight, God bless him, who just died recently. And another newer star called Margaret Lockwood.
I think it was her co-first. She was very young there, I think about 16.They were servants in a block of flats in the story and they went to Southend. I always remember Mickey asking me
how they could accommodate themselves as they were penniless in Southend. Isaid "Well they could sleep on the beach, that's what I would do".
And he said, "Oh that's good, can you give us a beach?" and I said "Yes", sowe built a very acceptable breakwater which acted as a ?groundrow? and weput down a tarpaulin and then against the sea wall, the breakwater abuttedthat and the two of them straddled the tarpaulin and we had a yard or two ofsand and pebbles against that with the two children sleeping side by side.For the rest I put 4x2 all around to make a pond of it and I stood with theother corner, the black tarpaulin corner, making the water run up the beach.Oh yes over the top... over the breakwater was the pier beautifully paintedwith great sensitivity and speed by George Gresty who had also joined mefrom Lime Grove. He came to Lime Grove with me from Elstree and then again onto Teddington and he really was the most splendid scenic painter.
Larson(?) came too and Love came too. There was an interesting man who hadbeen the Art Director called ?Rordy. Rordy was a very old man and hehadn't been told he had been replaced by me. It was an awful embarrassingmorning.
We went next door to "The Anglers" and sorted things out fairly well and had adrink or two.
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And he said "What can you do" and I said "Nothing
I can't do anything". I said "You wouldn't like to stay on as a sort of Secretary or Art Dept. Assistant."
And he said he would love to. He died after two or three years. He is anaffectionate figure to us, to Larson, Love and myself.
Teddington was Warner Brothers at that time wasn't it?
Yes.
Who was in charge of the whole studio? Irving Ascher?
Yes and as a sort of A.P. was Jerry Jackson. J.J. We went on quite happily.Bert Bates arrived and that was my doing. Les Norman, that was my doing. They all seemed to lean on me. I suppose that was because I was fairlyknowledgable with my movements so far. John Sloane was my fault, again. Thewhole thing tightened up in two ways. One was that John Sloane was sent outto Jack Warner to be processed at Burbank. And there he learned this very essential thing that today I am trying to do at the School. To have a meetingevery day of the Heads and the Governors are waiting to talk to me
about a riot we had against Head of Studies and I am going to talk tothem about this daily
meeting of the Heads of Departments which I think
is essential in a film studio school. John came back and introduced that. Now onthe other hand, I rebuilt
the studios, the only thing I have ever built that was permanent, so Ican say that I rebuilt Thames Television.
How did that come about that you rebuilt the studios? They just asked me to.
Because they wanted to make it bigger?
We rebuilt the other stage. We had only one set, you see so we builtanother one and there were one or two innovations. The front was useableas the exterior of the Dorchester. The carpenter's shop had a classical collonade at the end and down
the side of the carpenter's shop there was a street based on a charmingGeorgian street based on Hampstead, Holly Hill and so on. There were woodensockets all around on the pavements so that one could move the lamp postsabout.
This was part of the transition because in your
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early days everything was shot in the studio with very very rare exceptionswasn't it?
Yes. But mind you, going right back I did all the printing and all the setdressing or nearly all of it. I was also in charge of the scene dock, and I also did all the building on the lot. Except for very angry visits from theDesigners. I
have some name at least within the Art Department for my converting. AndI think it started there really. I learned from Alfred Yunner about
what you should call the system of solid geometry but he calledarithmetic. Everything that was built by Warners, that is Teddington wasdirectly related arithmeticlly to everything else that
we had. We always had 6" risers even if we wanted
5 1/2", but everything could be fitted together. We also used to run overbudget deliberately to an exact amount so that we could gradually screw them into giving us a reasonable budget over the years and I had a quitelarge amount of money
on my head at all times. I had breakdown trucks arriving at all times withall sorts of things. Girls would come up and say "Where's Peter?"
and they would say "He is in The Anglers" and they would go down toThe Anglers and
say "There is a truck load waiting down there" and I would give them acouple of quid or something
Where would these stores come from? Well they weren't stolen oranything.
I will tell you a story which is rather sad. You remember Crowthers?They had millions of pounds of gates and railings and doors
and so on. There were two brothers, the sons of a barrow boy. They are nowboth millionaires on paper or were. The one out towards Uxbridge wastalking to me about the related trade in second hand doors and so on and wewere quite
friendly and I said "Where do you get the stuff?"
And he said "Oh, it's all quite genuine breakers stuff and I buy it at the properprice. Unfortunately this was not true and the next day he was arrested forpinching Adam fireplaces,for they had been whipping them out of strandedbuildings, you know.
Bert Crowther, that was his name. He went to prison and he died the day beforethey released him.
What happened to any of the staff you had under you?
We had rather a good time at Teddington for they allowed me to havecertain policies such as I
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described, having money to buy. I also had a
job number where something that was going to become stock. I could charge itto that job number, money appropriated to it which was spread over all the other productions of the year, but you know everything was made ratherwell of wood and very little plaster. Although I got the head of the PlasterShop at Lime Grove over as well, Arthur Knapman. I had this policy ofeverything being made of timber as far as possible all the mouldings andovermantels and things. We bought the entire mansion out of Park Lane and I still see bits of it appearing on television.
What happened finally to Teddington? Remind me. When did Teddington fold, not till after the war?
It became Warner Brothers didn't it? Yes.
We had this system of building up this vast stock purchased as described andmaking things really well. When we had some ?padding to do, we would probably extend the padding we had got. We were very possessive you know. We were fondof all these things. Gradually building up the 'Stuart Room' and Michael Relphwould come dancing down to my office and say "I am going to do a beautifulfireplace for the Stuart Room. They were our props. We were very successful.The man who is writing about the school where I am produced some stills
from our work at that time and I couldn't believe it. Not very modest of me. Thequality, I couldn't believe it.
Ceilings and things.
That was because you were building up a stock.
I couldn't believe it but he has it all coded and titled and he is writingabout me.
Did you go to America?
I was going to go to America but I never got there. What happened was thatat the end of '38 I went skiing, and I came back. By this time I had rebuilt the studio and I walked into a terrazzo corridor which I had personallysupervised and that was
considered to be my floor too and I stood there talking to the ChiefSargeant Commissionaire and he said
"How did you get on, did you have a good holiday?" And I said "Yes,fine I did some skiing".
Where did you go, Switzerland?
Well, Austria actually. I said "Is John Sloane back from
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Africa?" He said "Yes, but he left the company this morning". I said "Goodgracious me, what about Jerry Jackson" - "He's not coming back any more".Now.../
....had already left, gone to Korda.I had asked to go to Korda and I was told Iwas in with Warners for life. Then he himself went to Korda. So now Jerry wasthe Head, but he was finished. I said "Good gracious me what's happened? and hesaid "They're waiting for you in the Board Room. So I went up. I had a littlebit left before my option came up. I had left Rawnsley penilesson the Left Bankin Paris and I also had a divorce on my hands. I had two nannies, a mother and aterrible hotel bill.
But you were earning quite a good salary at that time? I was.
Could you remember what it was?
£40 per week.
So what had really happened at Teddington?
I was not at fault at all, but Irving had planned some double quotas, but thedouble quotas had to be treble budget, £45,000 instead of £30,000 and wehad a whole succession of these planned. I was so
excited about this year of '38 you know. And out out. This was quite customarywith the Warner Brothers.
They would bring young men along until their heads were about this size and then- out. Bring another lot along. That's what they did to Irving and me, andmany others.
This was about 1938 was it? Around the time of Munich?
No 1939. So I drove back to Richmond, cleared things up, put the kids in thecar and drove to Paris.
Rawnsley had been warned. He had a pitiful sort of La Boheme type flat and wemoved in there. Then we moved slowly down to the centre of Paris and settled in with what was left of my money. My wife was with her lover.
Were you divorced by then?
Joan. You remember Joan. She was very pretty. Anyway the kids were withme then. I then came back and joined the Army.
Were you called up or did you volunteer?
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I volunteered.
Had war broken out then?
No it hadn't. I was with Mike ?Rorfe out at Bushey in a house owned by thatfamous William Morris group. Do you remember "London Belongs To Me", NormanCollins
Norman Collins, yes.
Another similar title. Anyway there he was on the Civil List, living on beans.Anyway the next thing was that Sunday morning and the raid.
Oh yes I remember the raid.
We decided we were being silly, and we saw the head of Television Art Department atthe BBC who at that time was on camouflage and he had us out selling it.
You must remember who he was. Peter Bax.
P.P. No, I remember that name. It was someone subsequent to him.Then we were in touch with a man called Mollow who made alot of money out of camouflage
and we went along Western Avenue to factories, telling them thatthey had to camouflage, rather hinting that it was official.Conning them into buying a camouflage scheme. I had gone to theRoyal Engineers and Signals Corps and they told me towait.........construction and I thought the War Office wasrun rather thoroughly,
I didn't realise it was a lot of cockolorum you know. Thereason I hadn't been called to the colours was because of thisother chap and I had to resell myself to this fellow. Thishappened four times and it was nearly 1940 before I was in.
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Was this because you were in a reserved occupation?
Yes I didn't go into it simply because I had no intention of staying out. I don'tknow why.
Interrupti.on
He was head of Camera......... in the 14-18 war. and he was the cousin of my mother-in-law, Jewish mother-in=-law and my living father-in-law who
was consultant to the British Empire Pasteur Institute had avery...........when the war with Hitler comes go into camouflage. He wasabsolutely right. I was cut out for it in every way. I was a Major within
14 months of joining up.
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What were you in?
G2. General Staff, second grade on deception. False marches ofreal troops and real marches of false troops. I had quite a bigjob and I opened a huge staff college south of Cairo.
The jostling for promotion annoyed me so much I left. They used tocreate Brigadiers. This wonderful little department was shifted to GSD from G. Dec - G this, G that. In any case I
had been mentioned in despatches.I hadn't had any experience of battle. Geoffrey Barkus wrote about me in the book he publishedthat I was very creative about battle camouflage because I had been inthis Tobruk thing. I was Harbour Master and was hiding ships.. Ifound it rather unbelievable that ships could be hidden but
shall I tell you what I did?
Yes, yes.
The ?Liguria was a liner which was sunk down so that the weather deckwas lapping with water.
At slightly lower than the weather deck I was able to sew an ?a lighter? at about 4 in the
morning and it would become an extra superstructure so that theshadow and shape of it was all mixed up. This was of course afteroffloading.
Then that was the Georgie. There was another liner which was beached across the Gulf and it
was red with rust. The teak handrail was gone leaving the screws all theway along. So I had 300
Sikhs and they made the most enormous camouflage net using up somestupid red coloured garnish which had been sent from Leamington Spaor some place which ...great danger to this white surroundings of Matruh and Tobruk. They used this up so we had thisenormous red....... and it was leased on to these hooks, you see. Ialso had
60 Australian Cavalry Engineers who were the most marvelloussoldiers who ever were. They really were the best and they swarmed over the a lighter
. up the mast trailing lines out, and this huge net was man-handled without trouble and dropped over the side and not onlyfrom the air, but from the quayside the whole ship justvanished.
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THE COPYRIGHT OF THIS RECORDING IS VESTED IN THE ACTT PROJECT. PETER PROUD INTERVIEWED BY SID COLE ON 18TH NOVEMBER 1987.
SIDE 4
It was also a very hilariously neat day to bedemobilised. Because it was V.E. day, Victory in Europe. Wehad had some drinks, we found friends, then we went to Paul Rotha's place in Soho Square and we climbed up the buildingboth of us, side by side because there was something Sandywanted to show me and I can't remember what that was either.I remember there was a member of
a club that overlooked from the roof, Piccadilly Circus It was on the corner of Haymarket and CoventryStreet and so we got there with some difficulty.
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Oh, I don't know, it's just a hazy memory. You see hitherto Sandy wasa documentary person,he had done films for advertising working forJ.W.T. J. Walter Thompson, and he was really a late starter. I mean Ihad a complete career, a marriage, and family behind me and he was justbeginning. I think I told you we were both at Hillhead High School in Glasgow and neither of us were really Scotsmen.
Well Sandy was half American anyway.
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And I am English really.
What happened when you were overlooking Piccadilly Circus?
Well, we got drunk, really. We wanted to get down and kill the boys whowere lighting squibs and throwing them at the girl's legs.
What happened careerwise after that?
I saw my old friend David Rawnsley who was working for Launder andGilliatt. Launder and Gilliatt were long long friends of mine. Theyused to have the same carriage as Val Valentine every morning to St.Pancras, and now of course Frank and Sidney
were prosperous. Frank had a party at Queen's Square Mayfair and I wasasked and then offered a film.
I said "I can't do that, Rawnsley is your Designer" They said,"Nowthat's none of your business" David
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Rawnsley was setting out in what was to be Independent Frame. So I also got landedwith Al Parker at the same party, as an Agent who did nothing whatsoever for me.
Except to take my money. Because I already had my first post war job which was?"Green for Danger".
That was Launder and Gilliatt wasn't it?
Yes and that almost gave me an historical chore which was to open Pinewood Studios and snatch it back from Crown Film Unit, who were leaving miserablyin twos and threes as we moved in. I was the first person there of the technosort and I built for "Green for Danger" and of course being so long away
I threw the book at them with the hanging miniatures and models andprocess work and so on. But they were very pleased with it.
It was a very successful film. Yes I think it was.
So after that what happened?
After that I did a film that frankly speaking should never have been madecalled "Women in the Hall" which brought me....it wasn't supported by anything at all. It wasn't supported by a good script or
a good cast, but it got me working for Ian Dalrymple.
Dalrymple had been at Gaumont before the war.
Yes, he knew me a little, and he had been head of Crown Film Unit. So Ithen began to meet a lot of excellent documentary people there like Jack Lee and Pat Jackson and a brilliant young man who was killed inGreece.....Do you remember
his name.
I can't remember off hand.
He was highly thought of. He was on the Board. I did the writing paper heading for Wessex Film Productions.
Wessex. That was Dalrymple wasn't it?
Yes. We had great plans, but the next thing to happen was my involvement with"Far From the Madding Crowd" which I had always liked and I was beginning toshow a hint of some sort of ability as a writer and Dals was encouraging this.Jean Simmons was to play the girl and Lawrence Olivier came over one day and inso
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many words told us that he had stolen Jean Simmons. So "Far From theMadding Crowd" was struck off the project list.
You had been working on the script had you?
Yes. I was pretty fed up with that and it was replaced with "Esther Waters" and I was co-Producer and co-Director of that. The way it workedout was that I did all the Derby scenes.
Who was the other Director then?
It was Dal. It was produced and directed by Ian Dalrymple and PeterProud. That was a point in hindsight that I should mention that this was a great mistake. Because Ronnie Neame was Hitchcock's Asst. Cameraman,when I was Hitchcock's Asst.
Art Director, and he was now a producer with David Lean, and many otherexamples of colleagues being in the upper strata I hastened to join them.
I was the only person of that group there who had been in the Army, or any otherservice, except Dad's Army, and there are hilarious stories of Launder andGilliatt in Dad's Army. But here as I say I made a mistake in going along withEsther Waters which I disliked really. I suppose I wanted to do the Derbys but I didn't approach it with the proper attitude. I just floundered into it, and of course I had my chance and it didn't work. All my life I wanted to be aFilm Director and here I was a Director of sorts and I don't really rememberwhat the
group's attitude was about "Esther Waters". I don't think they were veryimpressed with it. Of course my contract as Production Designer was now bust openbecause I had been co Producer co Director and I was out of work.
At least they didn't want me at the moment.
Tom Wright, if you remember was much concerned with this as a sort ofemanuensis for David Lean and Launder and Gilliatt and all the different people.
So did you decide to concentrate on Designing?
I decided to go back into my cheese like a maggot. I got hold of Cavalcanteand I found myself in the most minute office as an independent producer.
The pattern leading to the plan was that Launder and Gilliatt, Lean and Lean, Powell and Pressburger I now saw myself as Cavalcante and Proud.What
I wanted was to have Cavalcante as my producer. Cavalcante wanted to make thisthat and the other thing. He was really more concerned with being a directoron our first production and was quite happy to have me as producer oranyone else for that matter.
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I had a drawer in my desk with nothing in it except for a piece of paper andfour drawing pins at the
four corners and on it was a list of all the people who came to see me and had beenpromised my job by Cavalcante.
So what films did you make with Cav.?
We didn't make any. We spent some years through the worst period forindependent producers, the arrival of the National Film Finance Corporation..Jim Laurie
- glad to help us. We had every sort of financial structure you could thinkof, but each one carried a mistake in it. We never repeated the samemistake.
We never made it as intended, then suddenly Cav. got a job of running theBrazilian Film Industry with a pent house over the studio and he disappearedin a sort of flurry. I had begun to realise that he wasn't all that much of ascoop as I had thought in the first place because, during the period I amdescribing, my film came out called "Esther Waters" and it didn't exactly putme in any sort of flourishing position.
So the same thing happened with Cavalcante. His
"First Gentleman" came out and wasn't very well received. Up until thenpeople had been very generous about Cav. and myself, and I thought "Oh this isinteresting, we are going to get something here." Well we never did.
That's the truth. So he disappeared and having run out of money for payingpossibly small down payments for Auctions and tiny bits of money for writing for obscure people, I hit on this idea of writing about women
in various contemporary and exciting situations.
So I wrote, with Guy Elms, an original screen play called "The Planter's Wife" which, if nothing else, certainly showed that I was a passablewriter.
It made the best money for Rank for the year.
Was that based on a Somerset Maugham story? No. It had a Maughamyfeeling and Cronin too. Who Directed that? Was it Dave Macdonald?
Who did "Planter's Wife"?
He is living in the South of France. John Stafford. I sold it to JohnStafford. I was going to producer of it. You see I wasn't on it because onGood Friday of that year I got back to some friend's flat and we couldn't getin, so up until then I had always been a bit of a climber. So I climbed intothis flat and it was a deadlock that had the key missing so the climb ,amagnificent climb, if I may say so, was utterly wasted because Iaccomplished nothing. I had
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to climb out again to go on with the party which was
a crowd of people outside the flat,waiting, starting to go elsewhere, so Iclimbed out the front way which was the much easier way to climb down and, I wasblown up in the war and I had vertigo and suddenly I dropped off this building Ididn't fall 30 ft, but I fell three floors
of 10 ft. I went clunk, clunk, clunk. Well that saved me but broke me upinto small pieces.
So I spent most of that Easter under chloroform. And I was there for abouttwo years. 20 months I think in the Middlesex.
Middlesex up in town?
Yes. The famous Surgeon Royal ...it was very fortunate for me that Wyles, whowas a company director of Middlesex, very distinguised inventor of variousoperations such as the hip reversal thing you may have heard about, he had meupstairs. He used to say to me "Now what can
we do for you Mr. Proud?" Everyone under National Health gets their monica with a"Mr." That meant that I was to go upstairs the next day for him to have anothergo.
That happened 28 times and I got then sent to a recuperative of which I wasmade Chairman, at Slough. It was one of the great newspaper's, Lord Somebody's house and it was run by the patients and it was the only time anyone's beenunanimous about me was there, and I was voted Chairman, and I had a veryinteresting time because we were very much involved with recuperative methods.I introduced treasure hunts for example.
Everybody was hobbling around the grounds.
I then came out of that and I wrote something for George Mills who was on "Fabianof the Yard" and I did a bit of ghost writing for "Fabian of the Yard" and Iremember one episode called "The Ladder Gang"
Why did you do it as a ghost writer?
Well that was what I was offered. I had a very bad time you know going in forrecuperative treatment every day in an ambulance, or every second day laterand it was
a terrible period as I hadn't any money and I couldn't go and earn any so I wasvery glad to do almost anything. I did "The Great Escape" for peanuts for JohnSloane
I got no credits on it and I did this thing for George Mills, but all this ledme to a chap called Sidney Cole.
I seem to have heard of him.
That was "Robin Hood", so I was off.
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That is as you say where I came in and the first time I met you, Peter, Imight have met you before but we became associated on the original black andwhite Richard Greene "Robin Hood" certainly the first time we workedtogether and it was very interesting wasn't it?
It was indeed.
What did you actually do on Robin Hood?
Well, Production Designer. I think Art Director was the word then. Itreated it as Production Design. Sid had a very brief meeting with sandwichesand beer. Each episode, which is, as you know a third of the length of thefilm, had one hours' talk. That's what was so marvellour. One hours' planning.We did the no-luncher with the beer and sandwiches and we got the thing on the rails
Everybody was there, I was in the Chair and everybody could say their piece, andbring up any problems so everybody went on the floor knowing what everybody else was about. And apart from that there were discussions and the great thingPeter you did of course was the whole concept of the construction of sets onthat.
A wall is a wall is a wall, and an arch is an arch is an arch. Perhaps youcould explain. It is very important.
I would like to put forward as thoroughly and clearly as possible, whathappened was that it was a pretty ancient studio and we had the most ancientof the stages
That was Walton-on-Thames? Walton
Nettlefold originally.
Yes.....? had no strength for hanging things, and the Master Carpenter was very jealous about the flooring which was tongue and grooved boarding so this,for some reason made me realise that what we wanted was mobile pieces calledmodular units. We made about 36 of these with great difficulty because of thetight budget. Never had quite enough wheels. It wasn't just a doorway, it might be a buttress that could be a doorway, if you used the other buttress. So you gota doorway which could be two buttresses and so on. We also had one or twoprincely pieces which in what we called the Higher Arts Unit
where there was an interior to that into which on a system of arithmetic orgeometry, the stairs would fit in there you see everything fitted together.I learned
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this from U.F.A. (?sp) my maestro was Alfred Yunner who used to tell me thatat UFA they wouldn't allow you to breach the system of arithmetic, sothat everything that was in stock fitted. You could reassemble things in different angles. So, in memory of dear Alfred, I set this thing up. Theresult was that we couldn't reduce the number of prop men, because thehumping as we called it remained the same, we couldn't reduce the number ofstage hands, in fact we increased the number we didn't have one stage hand,we had three standbys.
I was very busy all the time. It became a combination of films, television and the stage in the sense that the unit could go off at 12.30 or say1.00 and come back at
2.00 and Sherwood Forest had vanished and been replaced by a large banquethall in one hour. They could do it on the stage, why can't we do it in a filmstudio? That was my attitude and that's how we did it. The standbys includedone painter, and one plasterer and when the pieces were put together theplasterer moved in made
a good joint and the painter followed him and it looked pretty solid. You seesometimes a doorway would be part of a four arch unit, so that when the dooropened what you saw through was rather more than you expected on
a quickie telly. You know, it was solid looking.
We then built a castle outside and later on the Portsmouth Road.Nothing, nothing was destroyed. Nothing was burned. I used to place mycar behind the place where they would be burned and walk through
it to make sure they hadn't got hold of anything. They loved to burnthings. Studio Managers were the guilty parties.
So this went on for 39, 39, 39, 26.
143 in all, 4 years.
At the end of it there were more units than when we started, butnothing, nothing was destroyed.
It meant that shooting could be absolutely efficient as you saybecause through the lunch hour, even a Director could slightly change his mind and it would only take a matter of quarter of an hour torealign
P.P. Sid tried out quite a number of tyros you know. Sofor them they would have a four wall set with recessions wherever possible and he would say "Where do you want to shoot from? You can shootfrom any angle you like" It was all on wheels.
So I would then give them all a little nudge to showwhat I meant. It was so fascinating that the castused to join in.
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The big trees of Sherwood Forest presented a certain problem, but what we didwas that various local people told us of large trees lying on village greens you see, and so we got a low loader and drove over in the dark withtubular scaffolding and put the scaffolding inside the tree. The poorchildren lost their tree overnight. It was loaded up on to the low loader. Oneof the had a big hole in it, it was called by the Woodsman a cunt.
Apparently this is the correct word for a hole in a tree! And Little Johnput his head through that on one occasion I remember. But with these holeswe put real branches in and it was a pretty damn good tree. Very effective.
We also had bits of Forest floor which modulated together. They went through a ........? reverser so that you could go down and up, or down and down. This hadashes, chicken wire and grass sods on top and they were watered and the grass grewbeautifully in the heat.
Of course it wasn't only Robin Hood that you did, was it?
We then did a thing called "The Bucaneer" where we had a similar system ofscenery. You know, in the old days a ship had a rather pregnant look,so thatbelow the water line the deck head would be curving inwards, and above thewaterline it would be curving in and then changing direction in the form of an"S".
So we built units on that system which clunked together. It had to be builtwell as we intended to use the again. The side effect is that it was good qualityscenery can be ?implicit? it had to be strong. So we could, in a matter ofseconds produce a big gun deck for example.
The guns were fired by elastic.
The guns recoiled when they fired?
Yes. They recoiled over the elastic that's right. Then for the weatherdecks, we had a high poop for the Pirates. You took the high poop outand rearranged the thing, so that was the Government sloop that waschasing the thing. We then had a deal with Victor ?Magutti? who I amafraid has passed on now, whereby when, say the Admiralty sloop was closehauling the Galleon you would have the sloop with the blue travelling mattbacking
and then reassemble the thing as a galleon. So
the sloop would raid itself. We also had a perfectly wonderful quarter fullsize galleon on Staines resevoir, so that was plated in. We had huge sails made of skin ply which were billowing before the wind. They looked damngood for they also hid all the lamps. They were swung around by the stage hands.There was always a lot of will power amongst the stage hands.
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They kind of responded to all the fun of it really. And everyone seemed todisplay their ability. It is a wonderful feeling isn't it?
I remember "The Bucaneer" because it was Robert Shaw was in it, before hebecame at all famous.
What was the name of the man who was supposed to be the lead? A faded, jaded'20s actor?
I can't remember.
Anyway, he was the lead. The Governor of Jamaica or whatever. I remember RobertShaw with wonderful professionalism upstaging this chap over the weeks.
It was a wonderful sight. I anticipated that he would become the star of the show,and he did. I watched him and I could see it in his eyes, you know.
There were some real exteriors down at Falmouth, weren't there.
We had the (?sp) "Piqued" converted to a galleon.
The "Piqued" had been put down for the Herman Melville story. What was thatcalled?
"Moby Dick", ship called the "Piqued" had ended up in Cardiff and the greatproblem from a budget point of view was getting it round the land which was their word for Lands End. And round to Falmouth. That was over
£300 quite an item. But we did it. We got it to Falmouth Boat Construction andthey altered it from being a Schooner to a Galleon. It could do six knots
on its engines. You don't want to wait for the wind when you are makingmovies.
We had the "Piqued" with a crew of four people,I think We had our ship on theStaines Resevoir, just big enough to have three men, one inside in a very sub mariner situation, one doing the gun fire, one steering and one doing theradio. We had modular units which could be assembled to make an Admiralty sloopdeck
or a galleon deck. There was one, for example with a mast which would serveas a sloop or a galleon and nobody could argue about that. We had another
set of modular units which made the below deck cabins. I don't know what happenedto all this, I never saw it, I suppose you did?
My memory is very hazy about it. But listening to you talk makes me want to samplesome episodes. I don't even know what happened to them, I suppose they still exist.
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Did you have anything to do with "Sir Lancelot"? Yes.
Tell us something about that.
Well "Sir Lancelot" from the Art Department's point of view was simply arepetition of the Norman Transitional.
Norman Transitional architecture is very simple and lends itself to "Robin Hood"very, very well. You know "Robin Hood" can be placed in several points of historyand none of them are right but we chose the Norman Transitional. "Sir Lancelot",there were some changes made by another Art Director, because while I was at seawith "The Bucaneer"
they brought another Art Director in, Kelner.
Oh yes, Bill Kelner.
Yes. He left after a while and I returned to Walton. to continue with "Sir Lancelot" which was "Robin Hood" all over but with armour andgothic arches from our point of view.
That was an interesting thing from your point of view, that a fewepisodes were shot in colour.
Yes, what they call compatible colour. Can you rememberanything about this?
Yes, there was a vice president from some so-called greatAmerican company. He spent a long time with me. really my attitude towards colours to recognise that colour is adjusted by thecognocenti to make lips look good on the screen, and that's about it as far as I am concerned. You know, pink and red and orange and Ijust tried to make it look nice within that range.
What was the idea of 'compatible'.
You could transmit it on a black and white set.
I see. You had to be careful, I remember. Who was the cameraman,Ernie Palmer I think. He was saying on one of those colour things that everybody was supposed to be dressed in blue, but of course theyhad used different materials, which looked alright to the eye, butwhen we photographed them the blues came out slightly differently. Inthe early days all these simple things about colour still had to befound out.
So what happened after that?
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I got married again was one thing I remember. Yes, I married arich woman at that point.
It didn't work out?
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No, it didn't. wrenched apart. the country and you know.
It lasted quite a while before we But she bought a beautiful home in tried to make me into a County type
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Huntin' shootin' and fishing'?
Not fishing, but landscape painting. She built me a lovely studio. Therewere two pubs in the village into which I was allowed to walk and changethe pictures. So my beer money came from the walls
and it was paid for my Mama. It was a bad period for me and what withbeing in the war, going into hospital for two years and now gettingmarried to a rich bitch really detached me from reality in the filmbusiness and if I had any customers I had lost them then you know.
Reverting to Walton. Were you there when we made "Four Just Men" Ican't remember.
No, I had gone then.
....John had taken over then hadn't he and you had been his, sort of, guideand mentor.
Oh very much so yes.
Do you remember, before "Bucaneer" started, there was a chance that wemight shoot it in Yugoslavia?
Ah, yes, that was very exciting. Sid Cole and Hanna and myself staggering onbehind. We went to Yugoslavia and a film syndicate wanted to co produce withus, but
the terrain was wonderful and of course the building or converting ofships would have been very cheap. But they were cancelling out their mainadvantage to us
by charging us about four times what they were paying their carpenters. When onedid one's sums it wasn't worth it. Unless one wanted Oscars and Emmys etc.
And as I remember it, Peter, their tradition at the studio was to buildsets solidly always in wood, which wasn't any good from your point of vieweither. I don't think they were any good at plasterwork and that kind of thing
you had been used to. So what happened after your marriage?
I freelanced around for several years. Michael Relph
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used me quite a lot.
Can you remember on what subjects?
"The Desert Mouse" Michael was very impressed with the pricing of that. Itwasn't important. Everybody on the cast was a well known comic. It was quitefun to be in, and then of course, as an ex Eighth Army man
I was quite tickled with the job.
Where was that shot?
ATV Studios at Borehamwood. Various things at EMI and BIP. I'm afraid Ithen became an advertising man, more or less for several years and I was doingtop commercials.
What, as a Designer.
Yes. I thought I would have a go and directed one for Air France, which was quitegood.
How long were you doing that?
I really can't remember, about 10 years I think.
THE COPYRIGHT OF THIS RECORDING IS VESTED IN THE ACTS PROJECT. PETER PROUD INTERVIEWED BY SAD COL. ON 18TH NOVEMBER 1987.
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Do you remember anything particular about that period?
Yes. The Independent Television Committee or some such name of which I was amember, where we were attempting to bring Independent Television intobeing. I was employed by the Sea Devil President of the Practitioners in Advertising. A very charming man with a company called Headiness, aquite well known advertising agency. I wrote a report about a newproposed television.
As the Independent Television came into being, I was quite friendly withtwo pertinent fellows at G. Walker Thompson, both trouble shooters. Theywere Associate Directors of the company, one an Art Director, Advertisingstyle and the other a top Copy-writer.
They were Purist Tutor and Bernard Gutteridge, and they plugged for mewith G. Walker Thompson. Now the silly situation is that I was talkingabout the job of a Television Executive, and we none of us knew quitewhat that would be. We didn't know that over 50% of J.W.T's businesswould be television, in the very near future. When they asked me whatabout building a studio for them, and running it, I then
in all integrity and honesty said "You know, you don't want a studio,you want to hire what ever you need for whatever it is and let the productioncompanies have that worry, you don't want to have it. Of course
I shouldn't have done that, I should have said "Oh yes, you must have astudio" and lived happily ever after running it for them. I think theywere
£7,000,000 ahead of any other agency in their gross turnover.
However I did do a lot of work in television and I like it.
You mean commercials?
Commercials, yes. What I found was that the younger men in it,especially the production officers were rather young and untrained andinexperienced and I found that there was business for me as being pretty experienced. I mean I had been a studio manager at Lime Grove on allsorts of different jobs. What I started to do was to sub-contract with big production companies and give them an overall quote for the
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scenery, electricity and the space which of course included my sum which wasa mystery to them. They weren't allowed to know what my fee was. It acted as a cushion against sterner times so if I made a balls up I paid for it. IfI didn't and got a clean clear run through, I made good money. I was perhaps doing more than one at a time, so I was making good money for a while.
Did you have your own production company then? Yes, Peter ProudProductions.
I got tired of it really, not being a real advertising man. Mutual Relief,my colleague from the thirties asked me if I would make a film at Pinewood andthat drew me away from it in the end.
What was the film?
I spent a great deal of time speculating on scenarios and film production andreally except for "The Planters Wife" none of them came off. So I really can'ttell you anything about it.
I've got a trunk load of scripts. Sometimes I open one and I can't rememberwhat I am talking about.
Coming back to the commercials. Can you remember any of the outstanding ones?
Caravel for Air France, I did a certain Lager
which was quite well known. I did the Heavier Keymatic that wasn't anordinary commercial, it was a promotional scheme and that was in colour andhalf an hour long.
That was quite a big job. Hovers were tremendously pleased with that.
I could see my way to cut into advertising.I seemed to have the sort ofqualities that they wanted. The ideas and the graphic ability. The sort ofnonsense
side which we had. We seem to be developing a sort of infantile race. When Ilook at the Hobgoblins and things in the morning, children are being absolutely pumped with absolute rubbish. I find it really most disturbing. I have six grandchildren, no sign of them producing any great grand children, but Ihate to think when they do, and I hope they will produce some great grandchildren that somebody will say "stop". This powerful nonsense drive ontelevision is ghastly.
To buy things that they don't need and so on? It's the sort of jokes and the sort of attitudes
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The Yeah Boo syndrome. It's horrifying.
Of course, in your day the commercials were much more straight forward. Morehard sell as it were.
Yes.
So after all those years in commercials, and you sound as if you wererather pleased to get away from it,
was it then that you got into contact with the academic world and theInternational Film School?
Yes, well I left the industry for a very short time and went into theAluminium trade doing architectural
sections for extruded aluminium and for the record, that was really theterminating of my landscape painting,
and the departure from this beautiful home, which I was glad to get away from.I went off rather on a limb after a rather wealthy background.
So you went back to being the bread winner for yourself? Yes.
So how did you come to go to the School?
I went to Bath and started painting murals and suchlike and I also starteddrinking too much. Far too much and I met my present wife. She said she wouldlove to get married if I would pack in the drink.
So I did. Then I had to come back to this room and give up my lovely flatin Bath and punt around.
After I got this room done I got the job of building Westminster Abbey at Bedpostfor the people who did Superman later.
What was that film then? "The Prince and thePauper". Were you there long?
We were there for about three months.
And how did you find the studio there and the construction people.
Very good. Old fashioned, but good.
I was doing the storyboard mostly. My trainee, Tony Port was the ProductionDesigner. He was Cumin Dillon's creation. He is doing very well.
And what else?
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I then spent two years planning a Leisure Centre based on Robin Hood inNottingham.
I remember that.
And we approached you didn't we? And that went to the wall like so manythings nowadays.
It's a shame though, because it was a very interesting concept as Iremember. You showed me a model I think.
Yes, we had some really nice ideas
This was to be a permanent exhibition, but with moving parts.
We were going to have a permanent river with boats so that the childrencould go under the battlements of Nottingham City and see Ramrod Ringmoved by automatic
....and all sorts of tricks, you know. It would have been reallywonderful. It wouldn't be just like a stately old castle, because therewould have been the sounds and the smell,and the music of a medieval
city. We were going to have perspective ends, looking across toSherwood Forest, sort of permanent ones.
They were to be positioned so that you got the correct eyeline across littlebridges. I was longing to do it. I can't tell you.
Well you might be able to revive it. That was a long time ago wasn't it?
Yes, it would be really worth while if somebody would do it. I had anaccountant, you see, who backed me at every step of my life and he seemedto be the head of it.
He thought you could do it for tuppence ha'penny or something.
Oh, dear yes.
So up to that disappointment, what next?
I did "Superman No. 1" with Richard Donagh(?p) I didn't do muchcreatively there because when Superman gets off with the girl, therewas a sort of nuptual flight which cost a million or two,you know, and then I had another sequence to do. The nuptual flight was so goodthat they decided to cancel mine. So most of my work was not used at all.I thoroughly agreed with them. It was very good, the sequence that preceded the one that I was supposed to do. Very frustrating.
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Who did the actual one? Was it an American one or..?
Richard Donagh, yes. A nice fellow. I think he is an ex actor turnedteach-in.
And then after that...?
Then, among other things, Devoid Lingered asked me over to the school andI did a lecture or two, and then under Martin Anstell's encouragement, wegradually built up an Art Department over three years and we
are now getting noticed, I think in the international world that it is,for the quality. They don't refer to the scenery, but to the generalquality of our productions
Have there been any productions recently that have been outstanding?
There is one called "Macheath" which won the Foggy award and I playedmy part in that.
Tell us something about that.
There was this ancient Georgian church and when I was called in, you seestrictly speaking it was outside my line of duty, but Martin sent for meand asked if I could help and I said "Well, you must pay me because I aman outside lecturer" and so he did some, and I found I was flashing allover the country trying to set up locations. So when I
saw the church, the best thing I did for the production was just looking atthe church and saying "Don't do anything else just do it all here". You gotyour feeling of the canvas to the production if you do it all here and thenshowed them, in very broad terms
how to do it all there. And then I went to Spain on holiday and fortunately I hadbriefed an actor, a
man who was now a student, a man in his forties, called Tony Mares who was ratherlike David Rawnsley, someone who was most of the way through ArchitecturalAssociation and then dropped out of it, and became an actor. He seems to me to bea ready made Art Director. Anyway, he did what I wanted and I was very proud ofit because I only spent one week with them picking out furniture and things. And the rest I spent giving them some common sense.
It all went very well.
Do you find it rewarding working with students?
I like it, yes. Not always. Sometimes they are so conceited and misguided thatyou want to kill them.
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Doesn't that remind you of your own youth? It certainly would me.
What, looking back over your whole career would you say are the mostimportant changes generally speaking in film production as far as youhave experienced.
They have been very gradual haven't they? I think the removal of the frontoffice attitude, the dominance by the non production people called the front office regime and although it made many of us broke, theemergence of the independent production was far and away the most importantthing.
What about technically?
Technically the independent production led to a
more sensible approach to production because an independent financialstructure couldn't cope with the studio
charges and people, as in Italy when I was Head of Italian Production forthe Allies for a few days, I gathered them all together in a bigtheatre in Rome
and told them that the Germans had wrecked the electrical system andthere would be no power for about 10 years and they would have to get out anduse the sunlight
- they had plenty of it. They questioned me and agreed with it. Manyproductions did this and relied not at all on Studio work, although that'smy forte. I am very much a Studio man. I have always understood
I mean when I was with Sinclair Hill, arguing on "My Old Dutch" a longtime ago, to get out of doors and not ask me to build scenery of streetsinside and go out after them. Independent productions led much more tothe factual shooting. Or from my point of view as I see it the deliberateextension of the scenario called a (sp?) meise en scene, it becomes essential for a Director. If he is going to shoot out of doors,sometimes the out of doors bit being in Italy or Taiwan or something. Itrequires a certain combination of careful planning and an extemporaneousad hoc shooting.
What do you mean by meise en scene?
Well I mean all that isn't in the scenario where the Director says "As shecomes down the stairs I want her to glance off, and then I am going to cutto a real window with the car just pulling up." This would be a deviation from the scenario, but it was his concept. It would be winter and theyare not using any music Well I am using music, and all the other things and the concept of the playing of the scene, the type
of clothing. The booking of the Art Director, so that the podium of the action is suitable extends the drama
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of it by perhaps having a long clitter-clatter corridor where the heels make anoise on the tiles. Anyway that's miese en scene. Putting in to the scene.
Like creating the style for the actual production. The visual concept ofit.
So that the development of shooting outside hasn't impaired the work of thedesigner at all?
No not at all. On the contrary.
"Tom Jones" There were two good Art Directors on that and no studios at all.There a coach would go through an archway in Northumberland and come out theother side in Devon. The amusing thing was that the low loader, to carry thecoach from one place to the other cost slightly more than building the scenein the studio.
Actors have told me that shooting in actual locations is very important tothem, you know, if they see anything exceptional about the location it enhancestheir playing. Would you agree with that?
Yes I think it does. And of course it is almost impossible to find the rightambiance and the action pieces, like the door or staircase in the right position or juxtaposition, but what I like to do, and I think is one ofthe most rewarding
things to do is to find the right location and adjust it to the story andto be careful to point out the bonus qualities that it brings in for theDirector. Directors are very frequently rather lazy men.
This story boarding and planning is a good thing
from that point of view for it gets them earning their salary at an early stage.They have got to answer questions and brief the storyboarder. There is plenty of time to let the scene grow, theatrically on the day. Let the planning beright, let the generator be in the right place and not where the love scene isgoing to take place, and a good Director will rehearse and
let the scene grow out of those rehearsals. But everything that can be done forthe magic to set in has been done.
Can I ask you, before we finish, a double pronged question, Peter.
Yes.
Looking back what is the most exciting or important memory you have of your years in production, and the
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other half would be, what would you most regret not having done in the courseof your professional career?
I can answer that. First of all I had the opportunity to stay at Elstree, whichI knew enough to realise was a place where pretty crappy production was being done. And my feelings had been hurt because I had been laid off. But in spiteof the chance to be immediately promoted to Art Director, under Clarence Elder,and I was Art Director when I made this decision. I went instead as AssistantArt Director to Alfred Yunner and I recognised that I wasn't really ready.This was a fairly mature decision considering the penury and paucity I had beenthrough selling stockings and being miserable for several months.
That was the most sensible thing I ever did, and Alfred's treatment of meafterwards was more of a Maestro than a Head of Department. He would make me do things over again, you know, he knew that I could do better. Heintensified my self criticism considerably.
The silly things that I did - to run from that situation under Alfred, Ishould have asked him for Art Director credit, which I already had on "My OldDutch", not under him, that was G.B. I should have stayed on to work on decentproductions. I went out being my own boss to Teddington, making quickies and Idid it very very well and got very good notices, and the history man now at theschool is delving into it producing photographs, saying "These are not quickies,look at this, look at this". All very well, but I shouldn't have done it. Ishould have stayed with the big time.
The reason for that was of course that I was married at 20 and had threechildren by the time I was 24.
And I went after the quickie thing because it was it was a long termjob.
Can you tell me anything else that you want to add?
Yes, I would like to say that I would hope that my Founder Membership withACTT could be recognised and the ACTT would forgive me for being such a poor
member, because although in heart being with it from the beginning, I haven'treally turned out as often as I should. I have always stood by it in principle.
Can you remember who recruited you?
Elwyn. I can't quite remember. I meant to ask before meeting you this second timeto ask Michael Relph, because we worked together about this. Mike was a
a Communist, you know, and he was all for it, and so
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was I to a large extent, under Michael's influence. I can't remember whether itwas H.M. Warner who was going to fire us. There was something about writing tothe Times and putting our names on it. I remember regretting it.
Have you any special memories of those early days in ACTT?
You know, I was extremely young and I loved the conspiratorial atmosphere, inpubs on the Goldhawk Road talking to George Elvin and the threat that they mightfire us. I was all for it. You know, I told you earlier how I was sent home atsix to avoid paying me 1/6 breakfast money. And I knew it was not the owners ofthe studio who arranged this, it was the
Production Managers. They would squeeze their brothers to death in order toget their budget and their cross plot look good. The Union is not just there toprotect us against the employers, but in our dealings with one another, especiallythe production Dept and the more technical people.
What is your attitude, would you say, looking back in terms of the Union, fromyour point of view is the most important thing about ACTT as it was then.
I think the most important thing is the protection that it gives to themembership. It is for the Guilds and suchlike to bother about qualities of production, but for an industry which has such a large fringe element to it,people can be cajoled into doing things for silly money just in order to keep in work, and the rules of the union help to stop this fairly prevalent blackmarket production, really.
Fine, thank you Peter, shall we call it a day then? Yes.
THE END OF PETER PROUD TAPES SIDES 1-5.